If your dog struggles with constant itching, scratching, or skin irritation, your vet may recommend Apoquel. While it can provide quick relief, many pet parents are left wondering about the side effects and safety of using Apoquel long term. This guide explores how Apoquel works, its side effects, and more natural ways to support your dog’s skin and immune health.
Table of Contents
What is Apoquel and Why is it Prescribed?
Apoquel (oclacitinib) is a prescription medication commonly used to reduce itching and inflammation in dogs. Vets often recommend it when dogs show signs of:
- Constant scratching
- Redness or hot spots
- Hair loss from skin irritation
- Allergic reactions
While Apoquel helps reduce symptoms, it does not address the underlying causes of your dog’s immune response. That’s why some pet parents look for holistic or natural alternatives that encourage long-term wellness.
How Does Apoquel Work?
Apoquel belongs to a class of drugs known as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. These compounds are part of the immune system’s messaging system, helping cells communicate about inflammation, cell growth, and immune activity. By blocking JAK signaling, Apoquel suppresses certain immune responses that trigger itching and inflammation.
However, because JAK pathways are also involved in important protective functions—such as tumor suppression, infection control, and cell regeneration—long-term inhibition can affect the body’s natural defenses. This is one of the reasons some pet parents seek natural options that support, rather than suppress, immune communication.
Apoquel Side Effects in Dogs
In a long-term study conducted by Apoquel’s manufacturer, 247 dogs were followed for two years. The most commonly reported side effects included:
- Urinary tract discomfort (cystitis)
- Ear infections (otitis)
- Skin infections (pyoderma)
- Gastrointestinal upset (vomiting)
A significant concern from the study was the emergence of abnormal cell growth. Dogs developed a variety of masses, including:
- Mast cell tumors (Grade 1 & 2)
- Anal sac adenocarcinomas
- Apocrine gland tumors
- B-cell lymphomas
- Spindle cell sarcomas
- Bone, splenic, and intracranial neoplasms
Notably, the study stated:
“In addition to the known or suspected neoplasms, 47 dogs developed new dermal, epidermal or subcutaneous masses that did not have a specific diagnosis established.”
You can read the full study here: Long-Term Safety of Oclacitinib (Apoquel®).
While these findings do not confirm causation, they raise valid questions about the long-term safety of suppressing immune activity in dogs.
Can I Give My Dog Benadryl Instead of Apoquel?
Some pet parents consider using Benadryl (diphenhydramine) to help with itching or allergic reactions. Benadryl works by blocking histamine receptors, which can reduce symptoms like sneezing, redness, or swelling in the short term.
However, Benadryl is not FDA-approved for veterinary use, and its effectiveness in dogs is variable. Side effects may include:
- Lethargy or drowsiness
- Dry mouth
- Urinary retention
- Digestive issues
Because Benadryl is generally used as a short-term intervention, it may not be the best long-term strategy for managing chronic skin irritation or allergies. Always consult your veterinarian before giving your pet any over-the-counter medication.
Hemp and Natural Apoquel Alternatives for Dogs
If you’re searching for more natural options, holistic veterinarians often recommend tools that support immune balance instead of suppressing it.
Hemp has long been studied for its ability to support immune function and promote a healthy inflammatory response. Rather than suppressing immune signaling entirely, hemp helps encourage balance, known as homeostasis, within the body.
For those concerned about long-term use, research supports its safety. A comprehensive review of hemp extract in both humans and animals found it to be well-tolerated, with a good safety profile in both short- and long-term applications.
A recent study from Naples, Italy found that hemp helps regulate mast cells, which are immune cells that release histamines and other chemicals involved in allergic responses. This makes hemp a promising option for dogs experiencing itching, redness, or restlessness due to immune system hypersensitivity.
The side effects of hemp in dogs are generally mild and temporary. In most cases, the most common side effects are mild diarrhea or lethargy during the beginning phase of the treatment. There are also plenty of great herbal remedies to support these symptoms, and as the body gets used to a new dietary supplement, these occurrences tend to fade away.
Natural Support for Itchy Dogs: Meet EASE
At Hemp Dog Health, we formulated EASE hemp oil for dogs specifically to help pets experiencing skin-related discomfort, restlessness, and immune sensitivity. EASE combines full-spectrum hemp extract with anti-inflammatory botanicals like frankincense and turmeric, both of which have been used for centuries to support immune function and calm irritation. Plus, dogs love the taste.
Unlike quick-fix drugs, holistic tools like EASE work with your pet’s body over time. While the effects may take longer to show, the goal is lasting wellness, addressing the foundation, not just the flare-up.
Other Natural Tools to Support Itchy Dogs
Supporting dogs with skin-related discomfort often involves a combination of natural care strategies. In addition to hemp, there are other gentle options that may help promote comfort.
- Replenish Hemp Dog Shampoo: Made with organic aloe vera, jojoba oil, and lemongrass, this gentle cleanser soothes irritated skin while reducing exposure to environmental allergens.
- Restore Groom Spray: This lightweight leave-on spray includes full-spectrum hemp, Tremella mushroom extract, rosehip seed oil, and rosemary essential oil to hydrate, calm, and support skin renewal.
Regular grooming with natural products helps minimize contact with dust, dander, and pollen, common triggers for dogs with environmental sensitivities.
Exploring Natural Support Options for Dogs on Apoquel
If you’re considering shifting from Apoquel to a more natural solution, it’s best to do so under the guidance of a holistic veterinarian or experienced medical cannabis practitioner. Every dog is different, and success comes from tailoring the routine to your pet’s individual needs.
In addition to adding hemp and other natural immune support, look at your pet’s full environment:
- Eliminate unnecessary chemicals in cleaning or grooming products
- Assess for possible food sensitivities
- Promote digestive health through species-appropriate nutrition
By combining internal immune support with external care, you can help your dog experience less discomfort and more calm, naturally and safely.
The Bottom Line
Apoquel may bring quick relief for itching, but long-term use raises questions about immune safety. Natural alternatives like hemp oil, herbal blends, and gentle grooming products provide pet parents with holistic tools to support comfort and balance.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This content is intended for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Always consult a licensed veterinarian before introducing any new wellness supplement into your pet’s routine.
